bunnell



J. E. BUNNELL. TELBGRAPH RBPEATER.

No. 73,774. Patented Jan. 28, 1868s J. H. nUNNnL-L, oF-NEW Youn, Y

Lettera Patent No. 73,774, dated January 28, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN TELEGRAPH-BEPETERS.

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T0 LL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:V

Be it known that I, J.' H. BUNNELL, ofthe city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Self-Breaking Telegraph-Repeatcrs; andV I do hereby declare that the following is n full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the'same,

reference being had to the'accompanying drawing, forming part oi this specification, in which the ligure repre-` sects my improved apparatus in detail.

My invention has for its object to furnish an improved form of self-breaking telcgraphic repeaters, by which I am enabled to do away with extra local batteries, heretofore generally used in all practical forms of self-breaking repeaters, and by so doing away with extra local batteries, und the manyuecessary connections resulting from their use, to greatly simplify the general adjustment and operation ofthe complete instrument;` and it consists in the 'employment of two governor-magnets placed inthe saiie l cal circuit as the respective local Sounders in a telegraphic repeater; in winding the iron cores of the said governor-magnets wit-h a liner wire than is used upon the sounder-magnets worked in the saine circuit; and in the combination of the fine-wire governor-magnets with the regular local batteries 'and sounder-magnets of a repeater; the whole being constructed and connected ns hereinafter more fully described. l

The repeater lacing of tulo parts o r sets, each set exactly alike in construction, like letters indicate like parte in each, the rst-,describcd set being distinguished as No. 1, and the other as No. 2.

A are telegraphic' relay instruments, of ordinary construction in every respect. a is a box, in which th"`cs' of"'r'elayl'1`are' enclosed. 5 vand b"are the poles o' the coils, protruding through the box. c is the relay armature-lever, -uhiclbvibrates in response to tho attractions of poles Q and b. d is platina point, near the upper end-of levert. f' is a corresponding platine point, placed on the face of box a, so as to receive com tarot of point d upon the forward motion'of lever c. e is un adjustment-spring, which draws lever c backward when said lever is released from magnet-poles b b. B is an ordinarylocal sounder, having simple repeaterpoints, and is of the ordinary construction, commonly called f repeater-sounders. f is the sounder-armature lever. Ag is the platina point'nearthe end of lever f. yV is the corresponding platina point, so placed as to receive contact of point g upon the downward stroke of lever f.' h are 'coils of sounder B. C is a controlling governoninstrument, for the most part like an ordinary local sounder. yis the armature-lever of governorinstrument, constructed the same as an ordinary sounderarmature lever. '.j is orplatiusI point placed inthe upper side of lever t', near its end. 7c is a platina point placed in the upper side of lever c', near the middleof the same. lis au upright standard, with bracket or projecting top, having graduating-screws so arranged as to receive the strokes of lever t', and isof the same constructionas the corresponding partof n. sounder. m is the graduating-screw, passing downward through the bracket of standard Z. j" is a platina point in the eind of screw m, corresponding to and receiving contact of platina j on lever t', upon the upward stroke of the latter. 'n is an upright standard with projecting top, placed so that its top shall be directly over point k ou lever t'. 'o is a screw passing downward through projecting standards n, `so as to be directly over point k. 7c is a. platine point in the lower end of screw o, and receives contact of poinlrk upon the upward stroke of -levcr i. By this it will beseen that upon the upwurdstroke of lever t contact is made simultaneously ofpoint j with vpoint j',

I und of point lc with point k". p are the coils of governor-instruinent C, dilering from the coils of sounder magnets in that they are wound with iinewire, such as is used in relaycoils, and therefore'present about ten times as much resistance to the electric current as the coils of sounders as they are usually made. q is the adjustmentdspring of governor-instrument C, and is the same as in o. sounder. r is the sliding screw with nut, by which spring q is adjusted, beingthe same as in a sounder. e represents alcool battery, such as is used in working a local sounder, and lwhich it is necessary to show here to explain clearly the operation of my instrument. t isa conducting-wire, passing from one pole of local battery to coils pot' govcrnor-instrument. u are conducting-wires passing from coils p in governor-instrument to platina. points 7c in lever i, governor-instrument No. 2. v nre conducting-wires passing from platina points k', Nos. 1 and 2, td coils hof sounder Nice. 2 and 1. y are conducting-wires passing from the coils h-o` Sounders to the remaining poles of thelocal battery s s. By this arrangement, thus far, the current from vlocal battery e s is simply carried to and through both the coils of sounder and of governor-instrument, and buck to the battery, thus making the local circuit'complete; this,

however, depending upon thc contact oi'y points k and k in governor-instrument No. 2, as it is plain that when these points are not in contact, the circuit is broken at that point. wis-a conducting-wire, one end of which is connected to wire, v, and the other end to platina point d n the face of box a. .r is a conducting-wire, one end of which is connected to conducting-wire t, and the'otlicr end to relay-armature levcr c.

B v thus connecting wires w and fr, it will be seen that when relay-armature lever c is attracted forward, making contact at points d and d', the current is cut off from or carried past governor-coils p,-and only passes through coils h of the sounder, and that when lever c breaks contact at points d and d', the current passes without diversion through both coils h and p, and also,'that by the attachment of wires w and z, inthe manner described, the breaking of the local circuit at points k and lc', governor-instrument No. 2', by their not being in contact, will only affect governor-coils No. 1, and will have no effect upon the sounder No. 1, 'through the coils of whcli latter the current will pass each time contact is madeat al and d. Now, the resistance of coils p of governor-instrument being far greater than that lof sounder-coils h, when the local current is passed through both at once, (contact being made at points k and c, No. 2,) by the breaking'of contact at points d andd', the current will then have no eiicct upon coils h of sounder, as it is well known that two coils placed in the same local circuit, one coil being wound of ner wiro than the other, the current will have no eect upon tbe boils having the coarsost wire, provided the difference in size be a material one, and that' its eilect' will only be l apparent upon the coilshaving the finer wire. Hence, by closing of lcvcr c, making contact at points d and d', I get a corresponding vibration of sounder-lever f, whether points c'and lc are closed or not. But when the lutter points are closed, I get, in addition, the necessary corresponding upward movement of lever i, governorinstrumcnt No. 1, as well as that of sounderilever'No. 1, whilst if points k andvk, No. 2, are opcn,'tl1e sounder- `lever N o. 1 alone will vibrate when contacts are made at d and d.` i l y The arrangement of the local wi'res in No. 2, and their connection also with governor-instrument No. 1, are precisely th'o same as in No. 1, and have exactly similar operations and relations to each other.l

In attaching the main wires or outside lines to the repeater, the connections are made as follows:

supposing the instrument to be placed a't New York, and a wire from Washington be attached to it on one side, and a wirefrom Boston to it n the o'ther's'ide, for the purpose of repeating to-and tlrom Washington and Boston, the wire from Washington will'rst ,beconnected to point g on lever No. 1. A wire is then passed from point g', under leverfoNo. 1,`to relay-magnet A,No. 2, which is connected with the ground or batteryterminus, thus making the Washington circuit complete when contact is made at points y and g", leverf of No. 1. .A wire 'is thon connected from point g, leverf, No. 1, to point j in lever t', governor-instrument, No. 1. Another wire is connected from pointy to point j', so that lwhen,contact is made at either points g and g, No. 1, br j andj, No. 1, the Washington'circuit will be complete, e.,lclosed, and when pointsj and j', No. 1,-are in con. tact, thc vibrations of sounder-.lever f, No. 1, causing breaki'ngs of contact of g and g', will have no powerl to break the Washington circuit, unless contact of points j and j', No. 1, is also broken at the same tinie. lThe Boston wire will thenrbe attached to the opposite sideof the instrument, in the same manner as the Washington wire, and the operation of the various parts of the instrument will take place in combination, las follows:

The first duty of each governor-instrument is to prevent its co-operating sounder from breaking,". or repeating into the opposite circuit when the repeater is ready to commence working. This it docs by the arrangement of the main wires just described. The next duty Aof eachgovernor-instrumeut is, that when, as its operation begins, it does allow its co-operuting sounder to repeat into theoppositc circuit, it will at the same time prevent the opposite governor-instrument from operating, thus preventing any return breaks from the opposite sounder. The last-named duty is` performed by means of the arrangement of local wires, previously described. 'l

The repeater being ready for operation, the relay-,armature levers and sounder-armaturo levers will'be closed or attracted towards their magnets, but the levers of both governor-instruments will be openf as it has been explained that' the. closing of the'relay-armature levers makes contacts which cut o' the local current from coils p; but as the contacts-of platina points on the levers of governor-instruments are only made when the levers are open," all the different pairs of points in the complete instrument are in contact at lthe time of commencing, its operation. Suppose the operator at Boston begins writing -to Washington, his writing to be passed on to the Washingtonwire by theoperation of the repeater at New. York. Upon the breaking of the Boston main circuit by the operator in Boston, thecurrent is withdrawn from relay-magnet a, No; 1. Its

armature-lever, c, is then drawn backward by its spring, and contact at its points, d und d', is broken, and,vas heretofore erplaincd; this breakingof contact causes, simultaneously, thc opening of sounder-leverf, No. 1, and the closing of governor-lever t', No. 1,'thcreby breaking contact of all the points in these two respectiveinstrumentsin the following order: First, the points of lever f, No. 1; next,'and simultaneously with each other, pointsj andjf andk and k', in lever z', governor-instrument No. 1, and thc'e`ect vv-pnodn'ced is as follows: Upon the opening of points j and j', a break is caused'in the Washington circuit-leverjlgNo. I being open. Upon the simultaneous opening of points E and lc', vthc local ciirrent is prevented from being passed through coils p, governor-instrument No. 2, and its lever is thus retained in its rst position. At this time the opening of lever f, No. 1, causing abreak in the-Washington-circuit, armature-lever c, No. 2, opens, breaks contact at its points, and thus causes sounder-lcvcrf, No. 2, to vibrate in response; but sounderleverf, No. 2, will not, in vibrating at this time, -break thc Bostoncircuit, because being prevented from so doing bythe pointsjj ofthe governorinstrument No. 2,- which,` in its turn, is belrl inf-its normal position by the action described .of governorinstrumcut No. 1. Then, upon the closing of the circuit in Boston, armature-lever c, No. 1, is attracted forlward, making contact at its pointsd and d', thus closing sounder-lever No. 1, and opening lever i, No. l; the first result of whichis, lever f, No. 1, closes the Washington circuit; then, as the leverz', No. 1, returns to its normal position, the instrument is ready for the same operation to take place again when the Boston operator open and closes the circuit in writing; and as the irent returns toits normal position each time thetcircuit is closed, the same operation may take place in rev y e operator in Washington'brenking the circuit and i writing, as the respective sides ot' the ,instrument have pre the same action upon and relativo to each other.

of the circuit. V This is donc by simply easing the tension-spring of er? Brit in bad or wetlweather, when the -lines are not working y', and the relays-nre adjusted high," and do not, therefore, respond promptly to the closings of the circuit, 't omes necessary to adjust lever 1', so that it will not return toits normal position until after the opposite'relay 4rliiure lever has responded to the closing it being a well-known fact`that whenv a nragnet is simply' out oit from the current, by giving the cu cpt shorter route the magnet will retain a portion of its strength a short time; hence when the closing of pointsd d cuts off the curr-ent from coils p, the-lever thereof will not respond quickly unless strongly pressed by istension-spring, therefore the operator adjusting the instrument may, bysimply turning the udjustment-spring of lever z', tighter or looser, adjust the governors so that they will work -exaetlyin accordance with the rest of the instrument. So, as the governor-instrurnent controls the operation of repeating, and is adjusted entirely-by its adjustment-spring, the

whole' adjustment of the repeater is reduced to the adjustment of the two respective springs of the governor-A instruments, and these beingadjusted in preciselyI the same manner as the common relay-adjustment. but little skill is required to adjust and cause the complete instrument to operateperfectly.

Thus it may be seen that by placing these fine-write governor-magnets in the same local circuits, and thus werking them by thel same lo'cul batteries as those which work lthe local sounders in a telegraphic repeater, I am enabled, first, to do away withextra local batteries in my form of self-breaking repeater, and also to dispense with the numerous connections 'and complications consequent upon the use of extra local batteries, and that by the use of a liner wire in the governor-magnets than that of which the sounder-magnets are constructed, I am enabled to get the exact increments desired of its armature, and to give such scopo to the adjustment of the governor-magnets as to conform their operation to any condition of the lines upon which the repeater is to work. I

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is1

l. The employment of two governor-magnets, placed iu the same local circuit as the respective local Sounders in a'telegraphic repeater, when the said governor-magnets are there placed for the purpose o'f making the' repeater 'self-breaking, 'and cntrollingits operation, substantially as herein shown and described;

2. 1 claim a governor-magnet, wound with wire of such relative size and resistance to that upon the locai magnet, as that when both are included in the local circuit, the governor-magnet shall be charged while the local magnet is not.

3. The combination of ne-wirc governor-magnets, as herein described, with the regular local batteries and sounder-magnets ot' a repeater, as and for the purpose set forth'.'

I J. H. BUNNELL. Witnesses: i

WM. F. McNAMnnA,

Janes T GRAHAM. 

